Basic of Power transmission tower (pylon)
Written by faizul hadi on 1:19 AMTransmission towers are the most visible component of the bulk power transmission system. Their function is to keep the high-voltage conductors separated from their surroundings and from each other. Higher voltage lines require greater separation. The unintended transfer of power between a conductor and its surroundings, known as a fault to ground, will occur if an energized line comes into direct contact with the surroundings or comes close enough that an arc can jump the remaining separation. A fault can also occur between conductors. Such a fault is known as a phase-to-phase fault. The first design consideration for transmission towers is to separate the conductors from each other, from the tower, and from other structures in the environment in order to prevent faults. This requirement and the electrical potential (voltage) define the basic physical dimensions of a tower, including its height, conductor spacing, and length of insulator required to mount the conductor.
Given these basic dimensions, the next design requirement is to provide the structural strength necessary to maintain these distances under loading from the weight of the conductors, wind loads, ice loading, seismic loads, and possible impacts. Of course, the structure must meet these requirements in the most economical possible manner. This has lead to the extensive use of variants on a space frame or truss design, which can provide high strength with minimal material requirements. The result is the ubiquitous lattice work towers seen in all regions of the country. The last design requirement is to provide a foundation adequate to support the needed tower under the design loads.
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